Herniación gástrica por rotura de prótesis diafragmática en el postoperatorio de pleuroneumonectomía por mesotelioma: una complicación a tener en cuenta / Gastric herniation due to rupture of diaphragmatic prosthesis in the postoperative period of pleuropneumonectomy due to mesothelioma: A complication to consider

La neumonectomía extrapleural, habitualmente asociada a reconstrucción pericárdica y diafragmática con material protésico, es una de las técnicas quirúrgicas empleadas en el tratamiento del mesotelioma pleural maligno. La herniación de vísceras abdominales hacia el tórax a través del material protésico a nivel diafragmático es una complicación rara, pero potencialmente grave de estos procedimientos, que debe de ser diagnosticada rápidamente para su reparación urgente.Presentamos el caso de un paciente que presentó una herniación gástrica en el postoperatorio precoz de una neumonectomía izquierda por un mesotelioma pleural. Los hallazgos clínicos fueron leves, pero apoyados en las pruebas de imagen, confirmaron la hipótesis diagnóstica y facilitaron la solución del cuadro. Se revisan los posibles factores contribuyentes y se incide en la necesidad de un diagnóstico y tratamiento precoz para evitar la isquemia de las vísceras abdominales herniadas en la cavidad torácica, por el riesgo de necrosis y contaminación por material fecaloideo.(AU)

Extrapleural pneumonectomy, usually associated with pericardial and diaphragmatic reconstruction with prosthetic material, is one of the surgical techniques used in the treatment of malignant pleural mesothelioma. Herniation of the abdominal viscera towards the thorax through the prosthetic material at the diaphragmatic level is a rare but potentially serious complication of these procedures, which must be diagnosed quickly for urgent repair.We present the case of a patient who presented with gastric herniation in the early postoperative period of a left pneumonectomy due to pleural mesothelioma. The clinical findings were mild, but supported by imaging tests, they confirmed the diagnostic hypothesis and facilitated the solution of the condition. Possible contributing factors are reviewed and the need for early diagnosis and treatment is emphasized to avoid ischemia of herniated abdominal viscera in the thoracic cavity, due to the risk of necrosis and contamination by fecaloid material.(AU)

Gastric herniation due to rupture of diaphragmatic prosthesis in the postoperative period of pleuropneumonectomy due to mesothelioma: A complication to consider.

Extrapleural pneumonectomy, usually associated with pericardial and diaphragmatic reconstruction with prosthetic material, is one of the surgical techniques used in the treatment of malignant pleural mesothelioma. Herniation of the abdominal viscera towards the thorax through the prosthetic material at the diaphragmatic level is a rare but potentially serious complication of these procedures, which must be diagnosed quickly for urgent repair. We present the case of a patient who presented with gastric herniation in the early postoperative period of a left pneumonectomy due to pleural mesothelioma. The clinical findings were mild, but supported by imaging tests, they confirmed the diagnostic hypothesis and facilitated the solution of the condition. Possible contributing factors are reviewed and the need for early diagnosis and treatment is emphasized to avoid ischemia of herniated abdominal viscera in the thoracic cavity, due to the risk of necrosis and contamination by fecaloid material.

[Perioperative treatment of a man receiving a left-lung transplant combined with coronary revascularization without use of extracorporeal circulation: with a brief review of pathophysiology and the literature]. / Tratamiento perioperatorio de un paciente para trasplante unipulmonar izquierdo combinado con revascularización coronaria sin empleo de circulación extracorpórea. Breve revisión fisiopatológica y de la bibliografía.

Patients with significant coronary artery disease were once traditionally rejected as candidates for lung transplants because of higher risk of morbidity and mortality. We report the case of a man who received a left lung transplant and coronary revascularization without extracorporeal circulation in a combined surgical procedure after being diagnosed with significant coronary disease during the preoperative study for acceptance as a candidate for lung transplantation. We review the history of such combination procedures, which are changing clinicians' attitudes as to appropriate therapeutic approaches to take for complex patients. We also discuss the possible advantages of performing surgery without extracorporeal circulation. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a combined procedure that took place in a Spanish hospital.

Tratamiento perioperatorio de un paciente para trasplante unipulmonar izquierdo combinado con revascularización coronaria sin empleo de circulación extracorpórea. Breve revisión fisiopatológica y de la bibliografía / Perioperative treatment of a man receiving a left-lung transplant combined with coronary revascularization without use of extracorporeal circulation: with a brief review of pathophysiology and the literature

Los pacientes con enfermedad coronaria relevanteeran tradicionalmente rechazados como candidatos altrasplante pulmonar por el riesgo de incremento de lamorbimortalidad. Presentamos el caso de un paciente alque se le realizó un trasplante pulmonar izquierdo ycirugía de revascularización coronaria sin circulaciónextracorpórea en un procedimiento combinado, tras serdiagnosticado de enfermedad coronaria significativadurante su estudio para inclusión como candidato atrasplante pulmonar. Se revisan los antecedentes descritosde este tipo de procedimientos, que están permitiendoun cambio en el enfoque terapéutico de estos pacientescomplejos, así como las posibles ventajas de larealización del procedimiento sin circulación extracorpórea.En nuestro conocimiento es el primer caso deeste tipo de intervenciones combinadas descrito ennuestro país(AU)

Patients with significant coronary artery disease wereonce traditionally rejected as candidates for lungtransplants because of higher risk of morbidity andmortality. We report the case of a man who received aleft lung transplant and coronary revascularizationwithout extracorporeal circulation in a combinedsurgical procedure after being diagnosed with significantcoronary disease during the preoperative study foracceptance as a candidate for lung transplantation. Wereview the history of such combination procedures,which are changing clinicians’ attitudes as toappropriate therapeutic approaches to take for complexpatients. We also discuss the possible advantages ofperforming surgery without extracorporeal circulation.To our knowledge, this is the first report of a combinedprocedure that took place in a Spanish hospital(AU)

[Epidural anesthesia in labor and conversion disorder]. / Analgesia epidural en trabajo de parto y trastorno de conversión.

A 37-year-old woman came to our hospital at the beginning of labor. She reported a history of depression with attempted suicide some years earlier and had also undergone dilation and curettage following an abortion; on admission to our hospital, she was euthymic and not receiving treatment. The patient requested epidural analgesia. Several hours later, she reported dorsal foot numbness and difficulty performing dorsal flexion. After an organic cause had been ruled out, a diagnosis of conversion disorder was considered. The incidence of this psychiatric disorder is high, though it is usually underdiagnosed. Conversion disorder involves at least 1 neurologic symptom suggestive of organic disease. Symptoms are not feigned and cannot be ascribed to a medical disease, the effects of a toxic substance, or culturally normal behavior, yet there is significant clinical, social, and occupational deterioration.

Analgesia epidural en trabajo de parto y trastorno de conversión / Epidural anesthesia in labor and conversion disorder

Una gestante de 37 años acudió al hospital al iniciar eltrabajo de parto. Como antecedentes personales de interésrefería una depresión con un intento autolítico unosaños antes, estando eutímica sin necesidad de tratamientoal ingreso; y un legrado por un aborto. La pacientesolicitó analgesia epidural y horas después de realizar latécnica presentó anestesia en zona dorsal del pie y dificultadpara la flexión dorsal del mismo. Tras descartarpatología orgánica, se consideró el diagnóstico de trastornoconversivo, una enfermedad psiquiátrica de granincidencia pero habitualmente infradiagnosticada y quese caracteriza por uno o más déficit neurológicos quesugieren enfermedad orgánica, que no son intencionadosni fingidos y que no pueden ser achacados a una enfermedadmédica, a los efectos de una sustancia tóxica o aun comportamiento culturalmente normal; causando undeterioro significativo a nivel clínico, social y ocupacional(AU)

A 37-year-old woman came to our hospital at thebeginning of labor. She reported a history of depressionwith attempted suicide some years earlier and had alsoundergone dilation and curettage following an abortion;on admission to our hospital, she was euthymic and notreceiving treatment. The patient requested epiduralanalgesia. Several hours later, she reported dorsal footnumbness and difficulty performing dorsal flexion. Afteran organic cause had been ruled out, a diagnosis ofconversion disorder was considered. The incidence ofthis psychiatric disorder is high, though it is usuallyunderdiagnosed. Conversion disorder involves at least 1neurologic symptom suggestive of organic disease.Symptoms are not feigned and cannot be ascribed to amedical disease, the effects of a toxic substance, orculturally normal behavior, yet there is significantclinical, social, and occupational deterioration(AU)

Distonía psicógena: un diagnóstico complejo / Psychogenic dystonia: a difficult diagnosis

Objetivos: Las distonías pertenecen a un grupo de patologías que se clasifican dentro de los trastornos del movimiento. Se pueden agrupar de diversas maneras, que exponemos en función de su localización o de su etiología. La distonía psicógena es un diagnóstico de exclusión, que está infradiagnosticado en ocasiones, dada la dificultad añadida para filiar correctamente el cuadro. Se propone una revisión sobre su manejo en la práctica clínica actual, en relación a sus síntomas, dificultades diagnósticas, pronóstico y tratamiento. Desarrollo: La inconsistencia de los síntomas y la incongruencia con el cuadro clásico, así como la pobre respuesta terapéutica a los tratamientos habituales, lleva a plantearse este diagnóstico. Su comorbilidad psiquiátrica con trastornos de ansiedad, depresión, somatizaciones, sintomatología conversiva o rasgos personalidad previa, apoyaría este cuadro; pero el que no aparezca patología psiquiátrica no invalidaría el diagnóstico. Las características psiquiátricas son en ocasiones vistas sobre la base de trastornos del movimiento de origen neurológico. Síntomas de depresión o ansiedad se relacionan con un pronóstico favorable, mientras que la cronificación, el inicio insidioso, el diagnóstico de hipocondriasis, trastorno facticio o simulación están asociados a un pronóstico sombrío. Se recomienda un abordaje terapéutico combinado farmacológico-psicoterapia. Recientes estudios con antidepresivos han dado resultados alentadores. Conclusiones: Es fundamental la realización de un diagnóstico diferencial adecuado que permita abordar el trastorno correctamente para evitar iatrogenia o realización de pruebas invasivas innecesarias

Objectives: The dystonias belong to a group of patologies included on movement disorders. They can be classified in some ways, of which we highlight those in terms of its localization or etiology. Psychogenic dystonia is an exclusion diagnosis, which is infradiagnosed due to the difficulty to specify the disorder. We proposed a review over its use in usual clinical practice, in relation to the symptoms, difficulties of diagnosis, prognosis and treatment. Development: The inconsistency of symptoms and incongruity with the classical symptomatology, and so the poor therapeutic answer to usual treatments set out to the diagnosis. Its psychiatric comorbility with anxiety, depression, somatizations, conversion symptomatology or personality traits would support the diagnosis; but its presence is not strictly necessary. Psychiatric characteristics are sometimes seen trough the basis of movement disorder of neurological origin. Symptoms of depression or anxiety are related with a better prognosis, while cronification, insidious onset, the diagnosis of hypocondria, the factitious disorder or the simulation are related with poor prognosis. It’s recommended a combined pharmacologic-psycotherapic treatment. Recent studies with antidepressants have shown encouraging results. Conclusions: It’s very important to make a correct differential diagnosis that allows to approach to the disorder to avoid iatrogenia o unnecessary invasive tests